Pomegranate fertilization is one of the important agricultural operations that have a significant impact on obtaining a tree with good vegetative growth and thus obtaining fruits with good specifications in terms of size and high quality, which is reflected in increased production and obtaining a high profit.
How to identify the nutritional status of pomegranate trees.
pomegranate fertilization
1 – Follow up on the emergence of symptoms of deficiency or excess of any element of the nutrients with identification and diagnosis, and this is the quick way to know the need for pomegranate trees for fertilization.
2- Conducting a laboratory analysis of the soil in order to find out the total concentration of nutrients in it and the amount that is suitable and easy for it to be absorbed by trees, as well as knowing other factors that have an impact on the nutritional status such as the acidity number of the soil (PH) and the cationic exchange capacity (C.E). C) as well as the degree of electrical conductivity (E.C) of the soil, knowing the percentage of sodium embedded in it, the soil content of organic matter, and knowing the degree of soil porosity and permeability.
3- Conducting a laboratory analysis of the tissues of the tree, then comparing the tissue analysis with standard tables, indicating the level of deficiency or increase, and knowing the optimal concentration of each nutrient.
The leaves are usually used in the analysis, especially the fourth and fifth leaves on the non-fruitful branch, where samples are taken from the four directions of the tree during the month of June and July to know the nutritional status of the tree and the most important elements that must be known are:
* Nitrogen element.
* Phosphorous element.
* Potassium element.
* Calcium element.
* Zinc element.
* Copper element.
* Magnesium element.
* The element manganese.
* Iron element.
* The element boron.
These are the most important nutrients that pomegranate trees need, which must be adequately available for pomegranate trees in an easy and easily absorbable manner for the trees to obtain good vegetative growth and produce high quality fruits and a good crop that achieves the maximum profit for farmers.
It is also very important to add organic and chemical fertilizers to pomegranate trees in the appropriate way, at the right time, in the prescribed quantity, and in an ideal way to make the trees more strong and resistant to environmental conditions, as well as to produce fruits in large quantities and with good specifications.
Fertilization of pomegranate trees in the old lands (Ghamr irrigation):
Organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers are added during the month of December (winter service) as follows:
1- Pomegranate trees from one to three years old:
* Well-decomposed baladi fertilizer at a rate of 2 extracts per tree, or add compost fertilizer at a rate of 5 kg/tree + 500 gm of 15% mono superphosphate fertilizer
2- Pomegranate trees from 4-6 years old.
* Well-decomposed country fertilizer at a rate of 3 harvested/tree or compost fertilizer at a rate of 10 kg/tree + 1 kg of 15% mono superphosphate fertilizer.
3- Pomegranate trees 6 years old and over.
* Well-decomposed country fertilizer at a rate of 4 picks/tree, or add compost fertilizer at a rate of 20 kg/tree + 2 kg of superphosphate fertilizer at a rate of 2 kg/tree.
Provided that the compost or compost is mixed well with the phosphate fertilizer, then the mixture is placed in pits 20 cm deep in the form of a ring in the shade of the tree and 30 cm away from the tree trunk. Soil organic.
With the need to use organic fertilizers because they contain major nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) as well as minor elements (iron, zinc and manganese), in addition to their importance in improving the nutrition of the bottom soil and increasing the cohesion of sandy soil, and the addition of organic fertilizers improves Fruit characteristics and coloring quality.
Mineral fertilization of pomegranate trees in ancient lands:
Nitrogen fertilizers are added in the form of ammonia sulfate 20.5% and potassium fertilizers in the form of potassium sulfate 48% and the addition is done in three batches as follows:
1 – The first batch at the beginning of the growing season (late February and early March).
2 – The second payment will be made during the month of May.
3- The third payment will be made during the month of August.
The rate of adding mineral fertilizers to pomegranate trees in the old lands:
1- Pomegranate trees from 1-3 years old as follows.
Ammonium sulfate 20.5% at a rate of 1 kg + potassium sulfate at a rate of 250 g + magnesium sulfate at a rate of 250 g / tree.
2- Pomegranate trees from 4-6 years old as follows.
Ammonium sulfate fertilizer 20.5% at a rate of 2 kg + potassium sulfate fertilizer 48% at a rate of 500 g + magnesium at a rate of 500 g / tree.
3- Pomegranate trees from 6 years of age and over:
Ammonium sulfate fertilizer 20.5% at a rate of 3.5 kg + potassium sulfate fertilizer 48% at a rate of 1 kg + magnesium at a rate of 1 kg/tree.
The addition should be made in three batches, as mentioned, with the importance of maintaining the dates of fertilization and regular irrigation without drowning or irritating the trees.
Second: Fertilizing pomegranate trees in new lands (drip irrigation).
1- Organic and phosphate fertilizers are added at the same rates added in the old lands during the month of December (winter service) in two trenches on both sides of the tree trunk with changing the location of the trenches in the following year, in the vicinity of the spread of the root system and under irrigation lines close to the points.
2- Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are added at the same rates as the old lands, divided by the number of irrigations through the fertilizer with irrigation water, taking into account that the fertilizers are well dissolved, and the addition is made from the first week of March until the crop is collected.
3- Adding agricultural sulfur to trees during the fall season around trees in the wet area with a mixture of the surface layer of the soil, as the addition of mineral sulfur leads to lowering the degree of alkalinity and increasing the dissolution of calcium, iron and phosphorous salts and improving soil porosity, which allows easy movement of salts Sodium outside the root zone.
4- Starting after the contract is completed, the trees are sprayed with small elements
irrigate at the following rates.
200 gm of chelated manganese + 200 gm of chelated zinc + 200 gm of chelated copper sulfate / 600 liters of water, and the spray is repeated every month until the fruits are fully ripe.
5- The addition of chelated iron to the soil is taken into account at a rate of 500 g – 1000 g / acre with irrigation water. Calcium and boron are also sprayed and the spraying is repeated three times from the beginning of the decade until the maturity of the fruits.
Biofertilization of pomegranate trees:
Biofertilization is one of the most important elements of clean cultivation of pomegranate trees, as there is no chemical fertilizer in clean cultivation of pomegranate trees, but mineral elements are fertilized in their natural form.
Clean agriculture or biodynamic agriculture that depends on organic fertilizers and biofertilizers, as well as biological control of various pests and fungal diseases
The goal of bio-clean agriculture:
1- Reducing environmental pollution resulting from the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
2- Obtaining good crops free from chemical effects or toxic pesticides.
3- Improving the environment and food security.
Biofertilization program for pomegranate trees:
First, the nitrogen element:
The fertilizer source for nitrogen is a well-decomposed municipal fertilizer that is added to the trees as follows.
1- Pomegranate trees less than 3 years old:
2-3 extracts of well-decomposed compost (from 10-15 kg)/tree are added
2- Pomegranate trees older than 3 years:
3-4 extracts (25-35 kg) / tree are added.
To be added during the months of November and December.
Second: Potassium:
The fertilizer source for potassium is the natural rock mineral fertilizer (feldspar rock 12-19%, and the addition is made as follows.
1- Pomegranate trees less than 3 years old:
Add 500 g / tree
The addition to the organic fertilizer should be made in one batch during the month of December (winter service).
2- Pomegranate trees older than 3 years:
1.5 kg / tree is added, provided that the addition is made with organic fertilizer during the month of December (winter service) at once.
Third: the element phosphorous:
The fertilizer source is phosphate rock 15%, and the following are added:
1- Pomegranate trees less than 3 years old:
Add 1 kg / tree, at once with organic fertilizer during the month of December (winter service).
2- Pomegranate trees older than 3 years:
2 kg/tree is added during the month of December (winter service).
Fourth: Magnesium:
The source of fertilizer is dolomite rock, and the addition is as follows.
1- Pomegranate trees less than 3 years old:
500 gm/tree is added at once with organic fertilizer during the month of December (winter service).
2- Pomegranate trees older than 3 years old:
1 kg / tree is added at once with organic fertilizer during the month of December (winter service).
Fifth: Natural Microelements:
The fertilizer source is vermiculite, which is added at a rate of 250 gm to trees less than 3 years old, and trees older than 3 years old.
It is added with the organic fertilizer during the month of December with the organic fertilizer at once during the winter service.
Noting the following carefully:
1- Vital sources of atmospheric nitrogen stabilizers such as biogen or atomic bacteria and similar ones are added in 3 batches (beginning of the spring season – before flowering – after the contract is completed).
2- Vital sources are added, such as EM compound at a rate of 2-5 liters/acre, or dry yeast is added at a rate of 500-750 gm/acre.
3- It is very important in biological agriculture to take full care of weeds on an ongoing basis, while taking all measures to protect trees from any other pollutants.